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North British Railway
The North British Railway was a British railway company, based in Edinburgh. Established in 1844, its network grew from the original Edinburgh–Berwick-upon-Tweed line (completed in 1846) to serve the East of Scotland. It provided the northernmost part of the East Coast Main Line, and at the Grouping in 1923 the NBR – then the largest railway company in Scotland, and the fifth largest in the United Kingdom – became part of the London and North Eastern Railway. For much of its life it had contended for primacy in Scotland with the generally more profitable Glasgow-based Caledonian Railway, the equivalent Scottish component of the West Coast Main Line.
==History==
The North British Railway Company was established in 1844 to build a railway from Edinburgh to Berwick-upon-Tweed, with a branch to Haddington. The line was completed in 1846, but a continuous rail connection between London and Edinburgh was not available until October 1848;〔Thomas op cit Vol 1 p 48〕 the Caledonian having been able to offer a through service via Carstairs since March 1848.〔 The fastest trains between the two capitals then took slightly over hours (for both East Coast and West Coast routes),〔 and the (cheaper) steamship service between Leith and London still took the bulk of the passenger traffic.〔Thomas op cit Vol 1 p 43〕 The NBR had no running rights south of Berwick. Mineral traffic (in particular coal from the Lothian coalfield) was the largest source of revenue; an English shareholder blamed the low passenger revenue on the willingness of Scots to travel third-class even when they could afford better.〔Thomas op cit Vol 1 p 55〕 (In 1843 23% of English rail passengers travelled first class, 53% second class, 24% third class but the split in Scotland was 9% first class, 33% second class, 58% third class.)
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